Understanding PDF/X:
PDF/X, short for Portable Document Format for eXchange, is a set of standards developed for the graphic arts industry. It ensures that digital documents are compatible with professional print workflows, minimising errors and discrepancies. One specific version of PDF/X is PDF/X-1a:2001, which is often the chosen format as it demonstrates reliability and consistency in the print production process.
Key Features of PDF/X-1a:2001:
Colour Spaces and Output Intent: PDF/X-1a:2001 enforces the use of CMYK colour spaces, ensuring that files are optimised for print reproduction. It mandates the inclusion of an Output Intent, providing instructions for colour handling during the printing process.
- Fonts and Transparency: All fonts must be embedded in the PDF file, preventing issues related to missing fonts during printing. Transparency is restricted in PDF/X-1a:2001, reducing the likelihood of unexpected results in the final output. To check to see if your exported PDF has your fonts embedded into the document, you can follow our instructions here.
- Image Compression: The standard requires the use of lossless compression for images, maintaining the highest quality possible for print. This helps in avoiding artefacts and degradation in image quality during the printing process.
- Trim and Bleed Boxes: PDF/X-1a:2001 defines trim and bleed boxes, specifying the final dimensions of the printed piece. This ensures that there is no ambiguity in the size and layout of the document.
- Metadata: The standard includes provisions for document metadata, allowing for essential information such as authorship, copyright, and keywords to be embedded in the PDF file.
PDF/X-4:2010
In specific situations, print files may require additional colour information, such as spot colours, required for certain production needs. This is particularly common in the production of items like labels or foam boards, where specific cut spot colours are essential.
In such cases, we recommend opting for the PDF/X-4:2010 format. While both PDF formats share similarities, PDF/X-4:2010 is slightly different as it retains spot colours used within the print file.